Chiedza-emitting diode diode inokosha. Kufanana neajairwa diode, mwenje-emitting diode inoumbwa semiconductor chips. Izvi semiconductor zvinhu zvakafanodyarwa kana doped kugadzira p uye n zvimiro.
Kufanana nemamwe madhiodhi, ikozvino muchiedza-emitting diode inogona kuyerera nyore nyore kubva p pole (anode) kusvika kune n pole (cathode), asi kwete kune imwe nzira. Zvitakuri zviviri zvakasiyana: maburi uye maerekitironi anoyerera kubva kumagetsi kuenda kune p uye n zvimiro pasi pemagetsi akasiyana emagetsi. Kana maburi nemaerekitironi zvasangana nekusanganazve, maerekitironi anowira pasi pesimba resimba uye anoburitsa simba nenzira yemafotoni (mafotoni ndiwo atinowanzodaidza kuti chiedza).
Iyo wavelength (ruvara) yechiedza chainoburitsa inotarwa neiyo bandgap simba reiyo semiconductor zvinhu zvinoumba p uye n zvimiro.
Sezvo silicon uye germanium zviri zvisina kunanga bandgap zvinhu, pakamuri tembiricha, kubatanidzwazve kwemaerekitironi nemakomba mune izvi zvinhu inzira isiri-radiative shanduko. Shanduko dzakadaro hadzibudisi mafotoni, asi shandura simba kuita simba rekupisa. Nokudaro, silicon uye germanium diodes haigoni kubudisa chiedza (ichabudisa chiedza kune yakaderera zvikuru tembiricha, iyo inofanira kuonekwa pane imwe kona yakakosha, uye kupenya kwechiedza hakusi pachena).
Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muchiedza-emitting diodes zvose zvakananga bhandi zvinhu, saka simba rinosunungurwa nenzira ye photons. Aya mabhendi anorambidzwa masimba anowirirana nechiedza chechiedza chiri pedyo-infrared, inooneka, kana pedyo-ultraviolet bhendi.
Iyi modhi inotevedzera LED inoburitsa mwenje muchikamu che infrared che electromagnetic spectrum.
Mumatanho ekutanga ebudiriro, madhidhiyo anobudisa chiedza achishandisa gallium arsenide (GaAs) aikwanisa chete kubudisa chiedza che infrared kana chitsvuku. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvishandiso, madhiodhi achangobva kugadzirwa emwenje-emitting diode anogona kuburitsa masaisai emwenje ane yakakwirira uye yakakwirira frequency. Nhasi, mwenje-emitting diode yemavara akasiyana-siyana anogona kugadzirwa.
Diodes anowanzo kuvakwa paN-mhando substrate, ine layer yeP-type semiconductor yakaiswa pamusoro wayo uye yakabatana pamwe chete nemagetsi. P-mhando substrates haina kuwanda, asi inoshandiswa zvakare. Mazhinji ekutengesa chiedza-emitting diodes, kunyanya GaN/InGaN, anoshandisawo masafiroti esafiri.
Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira ma LED zvine akanyanya kutaridzika ma indices. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masaisai emwenje mazhinji anotaridzwa achidzokera muchinhu chiri pamubatanidzwa nemhepo. Naizvozvo, kudhirowa kwemafungu emwenje inyaya yakakosha kune maLED, uye kutsvagisa kwakawanda nekusimudzira kwakanangana nemusoro wenyaya.
Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemaLED (light emitting diodes) uye akajairwa diode zvinhu zvawo uye chimiro, izvo zvinotungamira kune misiyano yakakura mukubudirira kwavo mukushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rechiedza. Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha ekutsanangura kuti sei ma LED achigona kuburitsa mwenje uye akajairwa diode haagone:
Zvinhu zvakasiyana:Ma LED anoshandisa III-V semiconductor zvinhu zvakadai se gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), gallium nitride (GaN), nezvimwewo. Zvinhu izvi zvine bandgap yakananga, zvichibvumira maerekitironi kusvetuka zvakananga uye kusunungura mafotoni (chiedza). Madhiyodhi akajairika anowanzo shandisa silicon kana germanium, ine bandgap isina kunanga, uye kusvetuka kwerekitironi kunowanzoitika nenzira yekuburitsa simba rekupisa, pane chiedza.
Chimiro chakasiyana:Chimiro che LEDs chakagadzirirwa kukwidziridza chizvarwa chechiedza uye kubuda. Ma LED anowanzo wedzera chaiwo dopants uye zvimiro zvakaturikidzana pane pn junction kukurudzira chizvarwa uye kuburitswa kwemafotoni. Diode dzakajairwa dzakagadzirirwa kukwidziridza basa rekugadzirisa zvazvino uye usatarise chizvarwa chechiedza.
Energy bandgap:Zvinhu zve LED zvine simba guru rebhandi, izvo zvinoreva kuti simba rinobudiswa nemaerekitironi panguva yekushandura rakakwirira zvakakwana kuti rionekwe muchimiro chechiedza. Iyo material bandgap simba yeakajairwa diode idiki, uye maerekitironi anonyanya kuburitswa mumhando yekupisa kana achinge achinja.
Luminescence mechanism:Kana pn junction ye LED iri pasi pekurerekera kumberi, maerekitironi anofamba kubva mudunhu n achienda kudunhu rep, anobatana nemakomba, uye anoburitsa simba muchimiro chemafotoni kuti abudise chiedza. Mumadhiodhi akajairwa, kubatanidzwazve kwemaerekitironi nemakomba kunonyanya muchimiro cheiyo isiri-radiative recombination, ndiko kuti, simba rinoburitswa nenzira yekupisa.
Misiyano iyi inobvumira ma LED kuti abudise chiedza kana achishanda, nepo diode akajairwa haagone.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-01-2024